第一部分已明确国际 EPC 设计管理的核心概念、多维度分类体系，为项目管理搭建了基础认知框架。但在跨境工程实践中，需进一步聚焦国际场景的专项管理需求，厘清设计全流程中各主体的权责边界 —— 这既是化解跨文化、多标准等特殊挑战的关键，也是防范法律风险的核心前提。以下将围绕国际场景专项分类与设计责任划分展开深入分析，为后续风险管控提供实操依据。
Part One has clarified the core concepts and multi-dimensional classification system of international EPC design management, laying a foundational cognitive framework for project management. However, in cross-border engineering practice, it is necessary to further focus on the specific management needs of international scenarios and clarify the rights and responsibilities boundaries of all entities throughout the entire design process — this is not only the key to addressing special challenges such as cross-cultural differences and multiple parallel standards, but also the core prerequisite for preventing legal risks. The following will conduct an in-depth analysis focusing on international scenario-specific classifications and the division of design responsibilities, providing practical basis for subsequent risk control.
4.按国际场景特殊分类
国际EPC项目的设计管理需重点应对跨境环境带来的特殊挑战，围绕审批流程、标准体系与属地特性开展专项管理，通过全流程的跨境协同、标准融合与属地适配，保障设计工作符合项目所在国要求并支撑项目顺利推进。
2.2.4 Classification by International Scenario-Specific Requirements
Design management of international EPC projects needs to focus on addressing the special challenges brought by the cross-border environment, carry out special management around approval processes, standard systems, and local characteristics. Through full-process cross-border collaboration, standard integration, and local adaptation, it ensures that design work meets the requirements of the project-host country and supports the smooth advancement of the project.
三、国际EPC交钥匙工程的设计责任划分
(一)设计范围责任划分
在设计范围责任划分方面，业主方核心责任是明确项目功能定位与核心需求，及时提供完整准确的基础勘察资料，包括地质、水文、气象等关键信息，清晰界定设计边界条件，认真审批设计范围清单并及时反馈意见。
承包方则需依据业主核心需求与合同明确约定，全面完成全阶段设计工作，确保覆盖设计范围内的所有技术细节，保障设计内容与项目整体目标保持一致，同时积极配合业主方因需求调整产生的设计范围变更，及时完成设计优化工作。
为有效规避责任边界争议，双方应在合同中明确设计范围的界定标准，细化范围变更的审批流程与责任承担方式，确保各项工作权责清晰。
3.Division of Design Responsibilities in International EPC Turnkey Projects
3.1Division of Design Scope Responsibilities
In terms of dividing design scope responsibilities, the owner’s core responsibilities include clarifying the project’s functional positioning and core needs, timely providing complete and accurate basic survey data (including key information such as geology, hydrology, and meteorology), clearly defining design boundary conditions, carefully reviewing the design scope list, and providing timely feedback.
The contractor shall, in accordance with the owner’s core needs and clear contractual agreements, fully complete the entire design process, ensure coverage of all technical details within the design scope, guarantee that the design content is consistent with the overall project goals, and actively cooperate with design scope changes resulting from the owner’s demand adjustments to promptly complete design optimization.
To effectively avoid disputes over responsibility boundaries, both parties shall clarify the definition standards of the design scope, refine the approval process for scope changes, and the method of responsibility bearing in the contract, ensuring clear rights and responsibilities for all work.
(二)设计标准责任划分
设计标准责任划分需兼顾规范性与适配性，业主方应明确项目适用的国际标准、属地标准及行业标准，提供完整的标准清单与合规要求，认真审核设计方案的标准符合性并提出明确审核意见。
承包方则需严格按照合同约定的标准开展设计工作，主动解决多标准冲突问题，明确标准优先适用顺序并完成标准转化适配，确保设计成果完全符合各类标准的强制性条款，同时提供完整的标准合规性说明文件。
双方应在合同中明确标准适用的优先级规则，约定标准更新后的设计调整责任与标准合规性验收标准，避免因标准适用问题引发争议。
3.2Division of Design Standard Responsibilities
The division of design standard responsibilities needs to balance standardization and adaptability. The owner shall clarify the international, local, and industry standards applicable to the project, provide a complete list of standards and compliance requirements, and carefully review the standard compliance of the design scheme and put forward clear review opinions.
The contractor shall carry out the design in strict accordance with the contractually agreed standards, proactively resolve multi-standard conflicts, clarify the priority order of standard application, complete standard conversion and adaptation, ensure that the design results fully comply with the mandatory clauses of various standards, and provide complete standard compliance explanation documents.
Both parties shall clarify the priority rules for standard application, the design adjustment responsibilities after standard updates, and the standard compliance acceptance standards in the contract to avoid disputes over standard application.
(三)设计审批责任划分
设计审批责任划分的核心是保障审批效率与合规性，业主方需按时完成各阶段设计成果的审批工作，及时反馈审批意见并明确具体修改要求，主动协助承包方办理跨境或属地设计审批手续，按需提供业主方职责范围内的相关文件。
承包方则需按约定提交完整规范的设计成果文件，积极配合业主方及属地监管部门的审批工作，根据审批意见及时完成设计修改与优化，对因设计自身问题导致的审批延误承担全部责任。
为保障审批工作有序推进，双方应明确审批时限、审批未通过的责任划分方式以及审批流程的书面确认机制，确保审批过程可追溯、责任可追溯。
3.3 Division of Design Approval Responsibilities
The core of dividing design approval responsibilities is to ensure approval efficiency and compliance. The owner shall complete the review of design results at each stage on time, provide timely feedback and clear modification requirements, take the initiative to assist the contractor in handling cross-border or local design approval procedures, and provide relevant documents within the scope of its responsibilities.
The contractor shall submit complete and standardized design result documents as agreed, actively cooperate with the review work of the owner and local regulatory authorities, promptly revise and optimize the design according to the review opinions, and bear full responsibility for approval delays caused by its own design issues.
To ensure the orderly advancement of approval work, both parties shall clarify the approval time limit, the method of responsibility division for failed approval, and the written confirmation mechanism for the approval process, ensuring the approval process is traceable and responsibilities are verifiable.
(四)设计质量与履约责任划分
设计质量与履约责任直接关系项目整体成效，业主方需建立清晰的设计质量验收标准，组织第三方机构开展设计审核工作，对发现的设计质量问题及时提出整改要求，同时承担因自身需求变更或提供资料错误导致的设计质量责任。
承包方则需对设计成果的真实性、准确性、完整性承担全部责任，对因设计缺陷引发的工程质量问题、安全事故及相关经济损失承担赔偿责任，负责完成设计成果的技术交底与后续技术支持工作，积极配合工程质量验收并及时解决验收过程中出现的设计相关问题。
双方应明确设计质量缺陷的认定标准、责任赔偿范围以及不可抗力、业主方过错等免责条款，确保责任划分公平合理、有据可依。
3.4 Division of Design Quality and Performance Responsibilities
Design quality and performance responsibilities are directly related to the overall project effectiveness. The owner shall establish clear design quality acceptance standards, organize third-party institutions to conduct design reviews, promptly put forward rectification requirements for identified design quality issues, and bear design quality responsibilities caused by its own demand changes or provision of incorrect data.
The contractor shall bear full responsibility for the authenticity, accuracy, and completeness of the design results, be liable for compensation for engineering quality problems, safety accidents, and related economic losses caused by design defects, be responsible for completing the technical disclosure of design results and subsequent technical support work, and actively cooperate with project quality acceptance and promptly resolve design-related issues arising during the acceptance process.
Both parties shall clarify the identification standards for design quality defects, the scope of liability compensation, and exemption clauses (such as force majeure and the owner’s fault) in the contract, ensuring the fair and reasonable division of responsibilities with a basis for reference.
(五)知识产权责任划分
知识产权责任划分需聚焦权益保护与风险规避，业主方应明确自有知识产权的归属与使用范围，正式授权承包方使用其提供的技术资料与知识产权，依法享有约定范围内设计成果的知识产权，尤其是定制化设计成果的相关权益。
承包方需保证所提交的设计成果不侵犯任何第三方知识产权，明确自有核心技术的知识产权归属，授权业主方在项目范围内合法使用设计成果，对因知识产权侵权引发的法律责任与相关损失承担全部责任。
双方应在合同中明确知识产权归属清单、使用权限边界、侵权责任承担方式以及后续知识产权维护责任，切实保障双方合法权益。
3.5 Division of Intellectual Property Responsibilities
The division of intellectual property responsibilities needs to focus on rights protection and risk avoidance. The owner shall clarify the ownership and scope of use of its own intellectual property rights, formally authorize the contractor to use the technical data and intellectual property rights provided by it, and legally enjoy the intellectual property rights of design results within the agreed scope, especially the relevant rights of customized design results.
The contractor shall ensure that the submitted design results do not infringe upon any third-party intellectual property rights, clarify the ownership of its own core technical intellectual property rights, authorize the owner to legally use the design results within the project scope, and bear full responsibility for legal liabilities and related losses caused by intellectual property infringement.
Both parties shall clarify the list of intellectual property ownership, the boundaries of usage rights, the method of liability bearing for infringement, and the subsequent intellectual property maintenance responsibilities in the contract to effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of both parties.
注释及参考文献
注释：
[1]参见王赫、张卫东：《国际EPC项目设计审批的问题与对策》，载《国际经济合作》2015年第9期，第73-77页。
[2]参见夏书丹、刘秉新：《委内瑞拉EPC总承包项目设计工作本土化探析》，载《国际工程与劳务》2010年第7期，第38-40页。
参考文献
一、中国国内法、司法解释等文件：
[1]《建设项目工程总承包管理规范》
[2]《中华人民共和国建筑法》
[3]《建设工程质量管理条例》
[4]《建设工程勘察设计管理条例》
二、国际公约：
[5] 《联合国国际货物销售合同公约》(CISG)
[6]《承认及执行外国仲裁裁决公约》(纽约公约)
三、学术著作：
[7]张水波、陈勇强：《国际工程总承包：EPC交钥匙合同与管理》，中国电力出版社2008年版
[8]王伍仁：《EPC工程总承包管理》，中国建筑工业出版社2008年版
[9]汪世宏、陈勇强：《国际工程咨询设计与总承包企业管理》，中国建筑工业出版社2010年版
四、期刊论文：
[10]周凯：《设计院牵头EPC模式下的项目管理》，载《四川水力发电》2025 年第3期
[11]王赫、张卫东：《国际EPC项目设计审批的问题与对策》，载《国际经济合作》2015年第9期
[12]夏书丹、刘秉新：《委内瑞拉EPC总承包项目设计工作本土化探析》，载《国际工程与劳务》2010年第7期